Which approach is typically least effective for long-term pest control?

Implementing only chemical controls is typically considered the least effective approach for long-term pest control because it does not address the root causes of pest issues or promote ecological balance. Relying solely on chemicals can lead to several problems, such as the development of pest resistance, which makes it harder to manage those pests in the future. Additionally, chemical controls can harm beneficial organisms in the environment, contributing to an overall imbalance in the ecosystem.

In contrast, integrating practices such as regular soil testing can help identify underlying soil issues that may contribute to pest problems. Encouraging biodiversity creates a more resilient ecosystem where natural predators can help control pest populations. Practicing crop rotation disrupts the life cycles of pests and reduces their chances of establishing robust populations. Each of these methods contributes to sustainable pest management strategies that are more effective over the long term compared to relying solely on chemical interventions.