Which approach involves using natural predators or parasites to control weed populations?

The approach that involves using natural predators or parasites to manage weed populations is known as biological control. This method leverages the natural ecosystem's mechanisms, where specific organisms are introduced or encouraged to suppress pest populations or weeds. For instance, certain insects, pathogens, or other organisms can target specific weed species, thereby reducing their growth and spread.

Biological control is advantageous because it often leads to long-term management solutions that are environmentally friendly, reducing the reliance on synthetic herbicides and minimizing potential negative impacts on non-target species and the ecosystem. This method fosters a balance within the ecosystem by utilizing the natural relationships between species to keep pest or weed populations in check.

In contrast, cultural control focuses on altering farming practices to manage pests, mechanical control involves physical methods to remove or destroy weeds, and chemical control relies on the use of herbicides or other chemicals to eliminate unwanted plants. Each of these methods can be effective in certain contexts, but they do not specifically involve the use of natural predators or parasites as a means of management.